Average surgeon's mask are designed to catch large particles like when people cough, sneeze from being breathed in or out and to catch the germs coming from the surgeon's mouth or nose before they hot the sterile field.
You need a mask that will filter fumes and small particles. In health care, those kind of masks are called N95 masks. You can get the same type of mask at any home supply store. Look for those that say they are effective against dust, mist and fumes. Those take a little more effort to breathe with since your breaths are actually being filtered thru the mask. Se people with asthma, heart or lung problems have difficulty breathing thru them because of the extra effort. But, it might be worth a try - just be very aware of monitoring your breathing or other symptoms.