The analogy about the speed limit & the car again only works when you are talking about a gas furnace, as then you are discussing burning fuel. Like a fireplace. Obviously, it takes less wood if you don't burn the fire while you aren't home or are asleep.
But with radient heating you're dealing with water. So, for example, let's take coffee (which is essentially hot water.) It costs a lot less energy to heat the coffee up once in the morning & put it in a Thermos than to let it get cold over & over again & reheat it over & over again. That is why radient heat shouldn't be turned up and down but should just stay the same.
The heat pump also is not just a fuel burner. It heats by raising heat a few degrees at a time, thus the reason the air coming from the registers of heat pump feels cold, it's just a tiny bit warmer than the room temperature but still colder than your body temperature. So if you are raising and lowering the heat a little bit you can still save energy, but if you are turning it down to say, 58, while you're at work and then back up to 70 when you get home it is going to run A LOT to keep gently raising the heat those 12 degrees. It more than likely will run more in the hour that you are home, than it would have run total while you were gone to keep it at 70.
We have a heat pump & gas furnace. The gas furnace only runs when it gets below 30 degrees outside. When it is that cold, we just put more clothes on & turn the heat pretty low at night & while we are gone. But when it is 50 outside we just set the temperature at 68 degrees and leave it alone.
The cheapest way to heat, however, is also the most expensive to put in. Geothermal.
We also have 2 gas fireplace inserts which save a lot of money as we can leave the rest of the house very cold & only heat the rooms we're in when we're in them.
Are you all a bit lost now? Sorry I'm not the best explainer.