Oh God....where too start.
Warning I have many pet peeves here....
But since you asked....
1) Personal...Bright kids/above average are left in the dust.
Example....my 12yodd, 6th grade now, is able to be in the gifted classes and do the work if she was allowed (she has scored 99 on the district rankings). However she has taken the gifted twice and not passed, once in 2nd grade in MO and once in 3rd grade in TX.
There is NO CHOICE. You must fall into the testing parameters even though you can do the work and more importantly my dd WANTS to do the work and excel. Very frustrating for her. She has been bumped to "challenge classes" last month and it is still a walk in the park for her.
English (writing) is where she is gifted esp, she cannot get into the gifted program because she has to qualify for ALL.
This will lead to her being in lower ranked classes in high school and therefore reduces her RANK in HS when she is competing for college.
This pisses her off greatly because she has high goals in education. However she works hard and is going to try and get things published and make her name to get to where she wants to go, which are prestigious colleges in writing.
2)
Requirements of classes in different states. Why in the hell are kids taking the ACT and the SAT? Oh I know...because the midwest schools are not up to par with the SAT model.
My oldest who just finished HS this Dec. was not ALLOWED to take Biology freshman year. Only the "gifted kids" were.

The "regular kids" had to take a general science class which THROWS OFF the testing for college.

How is that you say? Well because they require the science math path and guess what, that makes you behind with Chemistry and ALG 2 because you have to take BIO before you take Chemistry.
Thank God we moved to TX that yr, because I was going to blow a gasket. She got to take Pre-AP Biology and got straight A's.
Public schools DO NOT match requirements state to state and that is where the major failure is. And don't give me the crock of crap that "kids aren't ready here"....that is rubbish.
The models are not up to par, period. That is the biggest failure.
Great models on the east coast, I am sure. Texas was GREAT compared to Missouri.