I have had a couple of runins with dogs in my neighborhood running loose. I have tried some things that I had researched awhile back and have, to this point, never gotten biten.
1. Take precautions to avoid getting into a bad situation. Most dog attacks are the result of human provocation or simple mistakes that can easily be avoided.
2.Watch the dog's body language. If the dog approaches you with it's head held high or low it is probably not going to attack. A dog who's head is level means business.
A loping gait means the dog is playful and checking you out. An even, steady run means business.
3. Remain calm (This one is tough). There's some truth to the adage that dogs and other animals can sense fear. If you panic, you may make the dog feel more confident in his attack, or you may appear threatening to the dog. Neither of these is a good situation.
4.Control the situation. Remember that most dogs are in subjugation to humans. A commanding "Down!" or "Go Home!" may stop an attack momentarily, giving you time to back away.(I have personally done this, the voice should not be a shouting voice, its kinda quick, steady and clear)
5. Don't run. Running away can awaken the dog's instinct to chase and catch animals, and he may pursue you vigorously even if it's initial intent was just playful. In addition, you won't be able to outrun a dog if you're on foot, even if you are on a bicycle you usually will not be able to outrun a dog.
6. Hold your position Dogs have short attention spans. Often after a bit of barking the dog will lose interest and go away (This one has worked for me also.). Do not appear threatening to the dog, and don't open your hands and arms up to a bite by extending them. Keep your fingers curled into fists to avoid getting them bitten. The dog may come quite close, even sniffing you, without actually biting.
7. If Cycling, dismount and keep the bicycle between you and the dog. This will create a barrier of protection.
If a dog is attacking you (vs, just barking) use the bicycle as a weapon to strike the dog. Holding the bicycle by the stem (handlebars) and the seat, swing the bicycle tire to hit the dog. But don't lose you grip as you will have lost a valuable defensive tool.
If the dog is lunging at you, wave a cloth away from your head. The dog will be more likely to lung at the cloth than your face or neck.
8. Back away slowly and leave the area once the dog loses interest in you. Staying calm and stationary can be a real test of your nerves in this situation, but it's the best thing to do as long as the dog isn't actually biting you.
9. Curl into a fetal position if you're physically attacked. Use your arms and hands to protect your face and neck, and curl up in a ball. Remain motionless and don't scream. Dog will almost always lose interest in you if you remain still. Wait until the dog leaves the area before getting up.
10. Don't use pepper spray or mace (I know that some of you do this, but I learned not to do this). The odds of hitting dog in the face before it can attack you are very small. You are more likely just to make the dog mad.
11. Don't hit the dog on the head. Dogs have very thick skulls. You will only make the dog mad. The only place to hit a dog that will have an effect is across the back of the neck near the base of the skull or across the sensitive nose. This may not be useful in self defense but can certainly be used if a partner is being attacked.
12. Avoid making eye contact with the dog. Dogs perceive eye contact as a challenge and a threat. Look slightly down or askew of the dog, but keep him in your vision.
13. Avoid smiling at the dog. You may be putting on a friendly face, but an aggressive dog sees you baring your teeth for a fight.
After an attack:
Attend to any wounds. If you do get bitten, be sure to take care of any wounds promptly, as even minor bites can cause infection. Apply gentle pressure to stop minor bleeding. Use a clean cloth or sterile gauze pad. If bleeding is serious or if it won't stop after several minutes of applying pressure, seek medical attention.
Wash the wound thoroughly. Use warm water and soap (preferably antibacterial soap) to gently cleanse the wound.
Dress the wound. Use a sterile band-aid (for very small cuts) or sterile bandages.
Apply fresh bandages and apply antibiotic ointment at least 1 or 2 times a day.
See a medical professional promptly if you suffer serious wounds or if your wound shows signs of infection, including redness, warmth, increasing tenderness, or oozing pus. Also see a doctor if you haven't had a tetanus shot in the past 5 years.
Contact the owner and animal control authorities. In order to prevent such incidents in the future, as well as to determine if the animal has rabies, you should notify the local police or animal control department promptly. Many states have laws holding owners responsible for the actions of their dogs.
Note that while in some parts of the world rabies is more common, it is quite rare in the U.S. and most of the developed world. That said, if the dog appears sick or if he falls ill within 10 days of the incident, the dog should be tested for rabies immediately. If the dog tests positive you must go through a series of rabies shots. If the dog cannot be found after the incident, you should see a doctor to determine whether you should get the shots. The rabies shot sequence, if it is necessary, should be begun as soon as possible after the bite.
Dog bites have significant potential for infection, but cat bites are actually even worse.
Every mid-size and large dog breed can be dangerous. While some breeds have been singled out as being particularly vicious, beware any attack and react appropriately. Conversely, understand the the vast majority of dogs of any breed are gentle and won't attack a person.
Hopefully, some of this can be helpful and has helped me in the past. I have come across a German Shepard, Beagal, and two cross breed dogs in the past. I do try to keep an eye out pretty far ahead of me so that if I see a dog, I keep clear of the area. I listen for voices of dogs to know where they are (Important to keep the MP3 player lower also for this reason - a dog could be right up on you from behind and you would not know about it until its too late!!). I also keep an eye for excapes from dogs, like getting in a truck bed or jumping on a car, but remember about the not running away from them. I had a dog come running up to me and I just stood still with my hands by my side in first looking stright forward and clearly and commandingly saying, "No, Go Home." and just stood still. The dog slowed down, sniffed me, jumped up on me, I again said, "No, Get down, go home" the dog lost interest and moved on. I backed away and went off in a differetn direction. Believe it or not I have gotten attacked by more Mocking Birds, Blue Jays, Boat tailed Gackles and Crows (all birds) than dogs.
Take care, Tracy