I second the recommendation to watch MK fireworks from outside the park if you're trying to minmize the noise. There really aren't any locations inside the park where you can't hear the bursts.
Inside MK - From within the MK, about the only location I can think of is CRT. You will need to be dining there and it's a limited view (fun, but limited). They do dim the lights and pipe in the music. Some of the fireworks are visible through the stained glass windows. It's not the best view, but it's a fun view.
Contemporary - You can watch the fireworks from the CR 4th Floor Observation Deck or California Grill (if you are dining there). There is a slight chance you'll hear some of the bursts, but it's not nearly as loud or as intense as in the parks. The fourth floor observation deck is open to the general public. They pipe in the music. I would guess the view is similar to that of California Grill, but from a lower angle (photo below is from CA Grill).
Polynesian - If you dine at 'Ohana there is a chance you can see the fireworks from a few of the tables with the view, but I would not go with the plan to see fireworks from your table. There are some reports indicating that folks do get up and move around to see the fireworks. This would be the approximate view (you can see the castle to the left of the main wall support).
Beach - guests can watch the fireworks from the beach (intermittent). They do pipe in the music, but it can be hard to hear. The view is straight on, but at a distance. There have been reports that the beach is only accessible by guests staying at the Poly due to the construction.
Grand Floridian - Guests are able to view the fireworks from the boat dock area. They pipe in the music. Again, you might hear a few of the bursts, but it's more of a muffled sound than anything.
WL Boat - if you happen to be lucky and be taking the boat to MK from WL (or the opposite), you might be able to watch Wishes from the boat.
I've not as familiar with the layout of watching Wishes from WL or the TTC.
In terms of IllumiNations, there really aren't any great options where the bursts won't be audible. You can see a handful of the upper bursts from International Gateway, but you won't see the globe (which is a big part of the show) and you can still hear the bursts. Sadly, if you can't see the lagoon, it's probably not worth seeing the show. This is a photo of IllumiNations from IG.
You can also see the high bursts from the Boardwalk Convention Center parking lot. You can still hear the bursts (not quite as loud as being there), but still no globe.
If you're willing to risk not seeing the show, then you could look into one of the WS restaurants. Tokyo Dining, La Hacienda, Rose & Crown all have indoor seating areas that may offer some view of the show (often times restricted). The glass may help to muffle the sounds.