According to Fidelity all of this gets taken care of before the seller gets their money.
I took this out of context because I want to give you a longer answer to the first part. THIS part is true.
Found 250 points at SSR at $52/point. Asked why so cheap and it sounds like the sellers are in financial trouble and need to unload it. Also found out that they have not paid their 2011 dues but did pay the 2010 dues.
Several comments. First, I assume $52 is the asking price. That's a low price, but other contracts have cleared ROFR lower ($47-48). So you have some room to go lower, and if they listed it low, it's likely they'll go a little lower. I wouldn't go crazy with that, but there should be a little room to negotiate.
With a seller in financial trouble, there are a couple of
potential problem areas. That's not to say problems WILL occur, but there are a couple of likely risks.
First, you didn't mention the Use Year, but there is an issue there that could present problems.
If the contract is approaching the banking deadline (8 months into the UY), the normal practice is to ask the owner to bank the points to avoid the possibility of losing them. If the dues are not paid, they will not be allowed to bank. Since the whole process is going to take two months or so, you could slip past the banking deadline with no way to save the points.
The big risk with sellers in financial trouble, though, is that they sometimes just can't close. This is especially true if they financed their DVC contract. If they bought in the last 2-3 years at around $100 per point and financed, they are likely underwater on their mortgage. In order to close, they will have to pay off the mortgage, AND pay the dues.
At $52 per point, their gross proceeds are going to be about $11,500. If they owe more than that on their loan (which might have started out at $20,000+), and they have to pay the dues, they could be looking at PAYING IN $5,000-$6,000 (or more) to close.
Obviously, if they're in financial trouble, they may not be able to do that and the deal would fall through. You wouldn't lose any money, but you would have wasted two months.
That underwater/needing cash-to-close issue is one that Fidelity tends to turn a blind eye to, apparently hoping things will work out. There have been several cases of things not working out.
Before you make a solid offer, I would ask Fidelity how much (if anything) the sellers owe on their contract and try to figure out how realistic it is for them to close. I don't think they are
required to give you that info, but I think you can see from the above that you have a legitimate practical reason to request it.