Although Pine Ridge is the eighth largest reservation in the United States, it is also the poorest. Unemployment on the reservation hovers around 80%, and 49% live below the
Federal poverty level.
[2] Adolescent
suicide is four times the national average.
Many of the families have no electricity, telephone, running water, or sewer. Many families use wood stoves to heat their homes. The population on Pine Ridge has among the shortest
life expectancies of any group in the Western Hemisphere: approximately 47 years for males and in the low 50s for females. The
infant mortality rate is five times the United States national average. Reservation population was estimated at 15,000 in the 2000 census, but that number was raised to 28,787 by HUD, following a Colorado State University door-to-door study.
[3]
Despite the lack of formal employment opportunities on Pine Ridge, there is a great deal of agricultural production taking place, yet only a small percentage of the tribe directly benefits from this. According to the USDA, in 2002 there was nearly $33 million in receipts from agricultural production on Pine Ridge, yet less than one-third of that income went to members of the tribe.
[4]
The Pine Ridge Indian Reservation has some commercial businesses with private operators, but most employment is provided by the Oglala Sioux Tribe, Oglala Lakota College, Bureau of Indian Affairs, and the Indian Health Service. The tribe operates the Prairie Wind Casino, a Parks and Recreation Department, guided hunting, cattle ranching and farming.
[5] The Oglala Sioux Tribe also operates the White River Visitor Center near the Badlands National Park.
[6] There is one radio station,
KILI-FM in
Porcupine, and the largest independent Lakota-owned and operated weekly print and online color newspaper,
The Lakota Country Times.
In the past, the tribe attempted a moccasin factory, a meat-processing plant, and a fishhook-snelling operation, but all of these business ventures failed.
[7] The Prairie Wind Casino is an exception to the rule for businesses on the reservation. The casino began in 1994 in 3 doublewide trailers, but a new $20 million casino, hotel and restaurant was unveiled in early 2007. The casino provides 250 jobs and most are to tribal residents.
[8]