I have four bunnies at home, including the beautiful black and white guy in the picture who is 9 1/2 years old and very healthy!
Here's my best bunny care advice:
- Bunnies need to live indoors. They cannot easily regulate their temperature and can die in cold or hot weather. They don't sweat and can quickly overheat. They are also prone to heart attacks when they are scared. A visit by a dog, racoon or other animal can literally scare them to death. They are also very social and need constant stimulation. Being alone in an outdoor hutch will cause depression and affect their health. They like to be where the people are. They love watching people walk by their pens and especially love it when we stop to chat, pet them, or let them out for exercise.
- Bunnies chew everything. Make sure to bunny-proof their play areas. Be especially careful to hide electrical cords. Also, put books and magazines out of their reach unless you don't mind if bunny shreds them.
- Bunnies primary diet should be hay (alfalfa only until they're 6 months old, then switch to timothy). Alfalfa has a high calcium content that can cause kidney stones. Only young bunnies and nursing mothers should be eating it. Give as much timothy hay as they can eat. They need to chew on those long, fiberous strands to keep their teeth healthy. Their teeth are constantly growing and they need to chew to keep them filed to the right length and keep them healthy. Bunnies whose teeth are allowed to grow too long have to get them cut by a vet (not fun!). We use Oxbox Timothy Hay since our bunnies seem to like it best. We sometimes get Kaytee if the store it out of Oxbow.
- Make sure they have plenty of water. A 4-pound bunny drinks as much in a day as a 20-pound dog. Water bottles are best since they keep the water clean and bunny can't dump it over.
- Pellets should only be given as a treat, and in very small quantities. Our bunnies get about 1/4 of a cup 3 times a week. Our vet told us that pellets were originally created to fatten up meat rabbits. They can be eaten quickly because the fiber is chopped up and they don't require a lot of chewing. They're also sweetened so bunnies will eat a lot of them. They're not made with the bunnies health in mind since meat rabbits aren't meant to live long. Since pellets don't have those long fiberous strands, they do nothing to prevent hair balls. Hay pushes fur right out of their systems before it has a chance to clump up in their stomachs or intestines. We use Oxbox Bunny Basics/T food. The T stands for timothy (no alfalfa pellets for adult bunnies).
- We give our bunnies greens every two or three days. Romaine lettuce and parsley are their favorites. They each get a baby carrot about once a week, as well as an apple slice. Both have a high sugar content so we limit them.
- We also give our bunnies a daily dried papaya treat (the unsweetened kind from the pet store). It can help prevent urinary infections, and the bunnies go crazy for it!
- Bunnies nails need to be trimmed about once a month. They bleed quite a bit if you cut them below the quick, so it's important to read up on the proper technique before doing it. You can also use a quick blood stopper product - it comes in powder or gel form from the pet store.
- Bunnies are neat and clean and like to use only one corner of their cage or pen for their restroom. Put a litterbox in the corner they seem to prefer. We use Critter Country small animal litter and it keeps the odor down. I do not recommend a fluffy litter like Care Fresh. Bunnies just dig it up and it makes a mess. A good pelleted litter is best. Just make sure it's safe for small animals. Cat litter (especially clay and pine) can be deadly for bunnies.
- Bunnies bathe and groom themselves, but they do need to be brushed occasionally to remove loose fur. Ours are currently shedding their summer coats before growing their heavier winter coats. Even indoor bunnies know when the seasons change! Two of my little boys are shedding around their middle sections and they look like they're wearing skirts! I've been brushing them every few days so they don't ingest too much fur when they bathe.
- If a bunny goes a few hours (6 or more) without pooping, isn't eating and seem lethargic, it's an emergency. Sometimes their systems shut down and they go into "stasis." Our older guy has had this condition twice and our 8-year old girl has had it once. A dose of IV fluids and some motility medication usually gets them moving again, unless there's also a more serious condition present. We're always conscious of how everyone is doing, especially the older buns.
I know this was a lot of info, but I think these are important things for a bunny owner to know. Be sure to check out
www.rabbit.org. It's the website of the House Rabbit Society. There's a lot of good info about bunny care, diet, etc. Also, for people who haven't yet chosen a bunny, please consider adopting from a shelter. There are tons of nice bunnies who need homes. Most pet stores over-breed their females and the babies are sometimes sold before they should be taken from their moms. They are not generally checked by a vet before you take them home. A shelter bunny will be checked for medical and behavioral issues. Most importantly, they will be spayed or neutered before you take them home (or you have to promise to do it later if the bunny is too young). Neutering males keeps them healthy and cuts down on bad behaviors (nipping, spraying, etc.). Spaying females is vital to their health. Up to 85% of unspayed females will develop uterine cancer by the time they're 4-years old. My sister and I both have 8-year old girls who were spayed when they were young. Both are still going strong!
Feel free to ask if you have additional questons!