Looking at it purely from a financial perspective:
Let's say that the second earner makes $15k/year (like the OP). The primary earner has a good income. Of that $15k, at least $5k goes to taxes. So, now you are working for $10k.
Now, add on the cost of child care - say you have a great deal and only pay $100/wk. With 2 weeks vacation, that costs another $5k. So, now you are down to working for $5k/yr.
Well, you have the additional fuel costs and food costs because both earners are traveling and eating at work every day. Even if you pack lunches, this cost goes up. If you buy lunch at a deli or fast food joint every day, forget it. Add in additional costs for the entire family to eat out more often because both earners are tired, add additional wear and tear on vehicles leading to increased repair and maintenance expenses. It doesn't take much to turn that $15k income into a financial liability for the family.
This is not some made up scenario. This plays out in millions of homes every day. Too many people think that their second income is essential because they continue to struggle financially even with that income. The reality, if you take a closer look at your expenses, many times the costs incurred as a result of the second job are higher than the income. Many families continue to struggle because of the second job, not in spite of it.
Also, when a family has a person staying at home, that person can spend more time shopping wisely to reduce common expenses. Grocery bills for families with a stay at home parent can be cut in half if that parent plans wisely and uses sales/coupons. In my house, that amounts to over $400/month in savings. That, by itself, is almost enough to justify a parent staying home. Of course, some stay at home parents spend in their boredom, which has the opposite effect.
Net - many families are actually better off financially when the secondary earner quits. If the OP wants to run the numbers for her family, it isn't difficult.
No, although this is the type of thing that the parenting magazines publish, I can shoot this hypothetical situation full of holes:
Unless the primary earner makes a very, very large salary, bumping them into a high tax bracket, the second earner isn't paying 1/3 of his salary in taxes. I'm earning a mid-40s salary, and a quick glance at my last paycheck shows that between federal, state, and social security I'm paying around 20%. Someone earning less than half my wage
certainly wouldn't pay more; in fact, a person who's earning this little will probably pay nothing and may -- considering that there are children in this scenerio -- even qualify for earned income credit so that they get back money they never paid into taxes (and that can be as much as $5000).
If the primary earner
does earn a large salary, the second earner probably isn't willing to work for 15K/year.
I'm completely out of the day care world and don't know what's realistic any more, but I can't imagine anyone would be dumb enough to shell over 1/3 of his or her paycheck for day care. A person who's working for 15K/year is working for close to minimum wage and -- unless there's a high wage earner in the picture -- probably qualifies for some sort of free or discounted child care, especially if there are multiple children in this family.
Also, the day care cost is only a factor if the children are young (which is
always the case in those "Can you afford to work"? articles). My kids are teens, and this expense is gone for me.
I agree that going to work costs something: gas, car, lunch . . . but there's another side to that coin: Staying home costs something too. Most families will not give up their second car, even if the second earner quits her job. So the car is still an expense. I live about 1.5 miles from my job; my commuting expenses are small; someone else's are certainly larger.
The second earner is still eating lunch -- most likely sometimes at home for cheap, sometimes out with friends. But lunch cost is lunch cost no matter where you eat it. If you're looking at total costs, you have to be fair on both sides of the equation.
Changing the lunch subject slightly -- if the children are old enough to go to school, the extra income might mean that the children are no longer eligible for free lunch. But I prefer to provide for my kids myself; that's not a financial issue but a matter of pride.
You could say the same thing about clothing, hair cuts, etc. Whether you're working or staying home, you still need those things. And, honestly, I can buy work clothes from consignment stores or ebay, but a good pair of used jeans is hard to find. I spend more on my at-home clothes than I do my work clothes.
I do agree that a stay-at-home parent who makes an effort to spend less on groceries can absolutely do so. But do most people do these this? I don't think so. I think most people just buy food without much thought.
Now, let's consider what else this 15K wage earner is bringing into the house -- things beyond the paycheck:
At minimum, this worker is building up quarters towards social security. Since realistically at 15K we're probably talking about an adult earning minimum wage, social security may well be the only retirement plan that this worker has. This person needs to build up his or her 40 quarters.
Hopefully this person is earning some type of retirement from his employer (though at minimum wage, this is likely a transient type job that will be replaced many times over the years). If the employer is paying anything into a 401K or a retirement fund on the worker's behalf, then this worker needs it badly.
This worker probably has health insurance and life insurance benefits from his job, and at minimum wage that's very important.
Finally, I assume that an adult working for minimum wage isn't going to STAY at this salary. By putting in his years and gaining experience, hopefully his salary's increasing and he's going to move up the salary scale to earn more. He won't build his skills and his work-worth by staying home.
In closing, I don't disagree that working costs something, but I am sure that your numbers are skewed high to prove the point you want to prove. Certainly some families are in this situation -- probably unknowingly -- but I cannot believe it's large numbers of people.