1. "The whole summer off" is a myth. Teachers in every state I've ever worked in are required to complete graduate courses to keep their certificates/licenses up-to-date. Most adults think of schools as fixed institutions...as if they are the same today as they were 20 or 30 years ago. I have about 8 weeks off...UNPAID...in the summer. Most years at least 2 weeks of that was spent in a college classroom...in courses that cost about $900 each...to get graduate credits. Many years I've taught summer school in order to help provide support for struggling readers. In the last district I was in teachers were required to do at least 2 days of professional development...in JULY! Last summer I had 3 weeks "off"...and those were spent relocating cross-country.
2. You may be surprised to know that holidays may or may not be paid, depending on the district. Either way it can work against teachers. In one district where I worked you were docked days if your maternity leave lapsed over a holiday. So, everyone else was off for Christmas, too, but you lost leave days when they didn't. Most districts don't have paid maternity leaves, btw. You get however many sick days you've built up, and after that you get docked 2x your daily takehome pay. Yes, that's right!!! If the district spreads the pay out over the summer, you get docked 1/the number of days in the school year per day, while you get paid 1/365th per day!
3. Teachers are adults. Educated adults. Employed adults. They are not children. It is childish for parents to expect the teachers to have the same rules as the children. If you get leave days at your job do you want ME to tell you how to use them? As an aside, some districts allow teachers to use their days however they wish...others will not approve leave for vacations. Either way, it is none of your business as a parent to know how your child's teacher is using his/her days. If you are really worried about, talk to the board and tell them you want restrictions on how the days are used.
4. Curriculums are not the same today as they were when we were children. In the last district I taught in children did not have math text books until they were in 6th grade. In our day you could take the text book and work ahead or make up the pages. In some programs used today all instruction is delivered by the teacher. Everything is hand's-on. There are no worksheets or text books. The only way for your child to effectively make up those missed days would be for the teacher to teach that day over again. You need to factor this in when choosing to take a vacation when school is in session. Some kids can handle missing a week or more of instruction, some can't. It's your job to know which kind of kid you are raising.
5. If you don't want your child to do homework, send a notarized letter to the teacher at the beginning of the year stating that your child will not do homework, and you are willing to take responsibility for any gaps in his/her education that this may cause. In elementary school the price may be F's in spelling each week. In Middle and High School the cost will be much greater...but if you feel strongly that you shouldn't have to do any review work with your child, stick to your guns.
6. Make sure that you know what you're talking about before you begin tearing down teachers and public education. How many school board meetings have you been to this year? Do you understand how and why policy is set in place? Do you attend PTO/PTA meetings regularly? Do you volunteer to be on parent review committees? Have you been to your state's dept. of ed. website to see what their policies are? Have you studied the most recent child development, educational philosophy, and best practices research? Do you really know what a good education looks like or are you basing your criticism on the fact that you went to elementary school once, and since you turned out okay what you experienced MUST be the best way to do things?
7. If you don't know the difference between instruction and review practice you really shouldn't attempt to homeschool until you've become educated in the matter. You children's teachers are asking you to do review of materials they have already presented in class. The half hour of flashcard work they ask you to do may review concepts presented over a two or four week unit! I have never seen a teacher ask parents to do instruction as a part of a homework activity. That's not saying it hasn't happened, it's just saying that in 24 years of teaching I have never seen a teacher send home materials expecting the parent to teach the concept. If you think it will be easier for you to effectively plan, deliver instruction, assess, and remediate than it is to do reviews for homework, I say go for it!