We do different types of assessment to get a more full picture. We have formal assessments, informal assessments, portfolios, checklists. observation records, etc. I think its also important with formal assessments to compare a the student to himself, instead of to other students, the school or the district. For instance, Johnny may have scored "below standard" at a 140, but if his score increased from 126 last year, that is what is important. Each child is an individual and that is the most important factor that assessments need to take into consideration, IMHO.