OK....let's see...
20,000 Leagues Under The Sea - Magic Kingdom
Journey To The Center Of The Earth - Tokyo DisneySea
Space Mountain at Disneyland Resort Paris very much has a Jules Verne feel, but I don't remember if it was based on a specific story. There also is a 20,000 Leagues Under The Sea walkthrough of the Nautilus, but we already covered that at WDW. Oy...I was just there like 3 months ago! I should know this!