Free standing tents will typically have the poles that have the elastic cord in them.

As you unfold them, the elastic helps pull then together. You then push the pole through a sleeve or loops in the tent and "Flex" the pole.
While this image is a "Smaller" version, it's the same concept.
Tents that require staking will typically have Rope (or cord) leads tied to the tent (or you can tie them to the tent/poles) then add a pole, that is typically in sections, to hold up the tent. The Pole holds up the tent and the cord/rope pulls tension on the pole to allow it to stand up. The rope/cord goes from the tent to the ground stake (or tree or other stable hooking) to hold the tent up. Similar to below:
Particularly in this one the AWNING won't stand up without the ropes and poles.
The free standing tents may also (and probably will) have ropes and stakes as well to help better keep it's form as well as keeping it from blowing away in the wind. (Not typically a problem, if you are IN the tent though). Also for the Rain flies. There will be ropes to hold it taunt However most of those, if the fail and the stakes come out, you still have a standing tent. Unlike this one right above, if the ropes or stakes fail, the tent falls down.