Here's a chart I made up with some relative sensor sizes:
They are fractions, so 1/1.8" is going to be bigger than 1/2.5", just like 1/2 (a half) is bigger than 1/4 (a quarter).
If everything else is equal, you can get a vague ideal of sharpness/noise/quality by comparing megapixels to surface area of the sensor. For example, let's say that a 1/1.8" sensor has 50% more surface area than a 1/2.5" sensor (it's actually a little more, but that makes the math too complicated!) That means that,
if everything else is equal, the 1/2.5" sensor with 6mp will have the same sharpness and noise levels as a 1/1.8" sensor with 9mp, 50% more.
Of course, things aren't always equal, but you get the idea.

By and large, more megapixels don't mean more quality, and often the opposite. The biggest point-n-shoot sensor is still pretty tiny for the amount of megapixels getting squeezed out of it, which is why they consistently disappoint in low-light shooting.