I'll answer what I can.
* Transportation to parks -- buses are available at SOG OR you can walk (how far?) over to the Poly and take the monorail to MK or TTC.
Buses are at SOG and they take you to TTC for Epoct or MK. They also have buses that take you directly to AK & DHS or you can catch the bus to TTC and grab another direct bus to AK & DHS. The only time you'd do that is if you just missed that bus and it won't be back for an hour.
The walk to the Poly is about 15 minutes. More if you have a large group or tiny kids. You walk thru the SOG entrance and cross the busy street. You can get across with no problem ~ just make sure to look. Then over to the left slightly there is an opening in the trees and a pathway. This path takes you under the monorail and thru the Poly. You walk up the stairs into the Ceremonial House (and sigh at the loveliness) and walk to the monorail station thats out front of the C.H. (opposite door you came in) This monorail takes you to MK. If you want to go to Epcot and want to walk, you can walk another 10 minutes thru the Poly property to the TTC to board the Epcot monorail.
How do we do it all: We walk to Poly for monorail to MK. We take SOG bus to TTC to ride monorail to Epcot. We drive or take direct bus to AK or DHS. We DRIVE to Downtown Studios or we use the Poly bus. I hate the SOG bus that goes to DTD. Ridiculous drop off and pick up spots.
* Do ppl that stay at SOG get Extra Magic Hours? Afterall, it is ON property.
At this time, yes we do. Years ago it was an issue but was resolved in a few months. SOG had to negoticiate to get that perk.
* Can you see the fireworks over MK from the grounds of SOG?
I have seen the frieworks while standing up stairs out front where the valet parking guys ar located. It's above the bus drop off /pick up area. But I prefer to walk over to the Poly, flip off my shoes, walk in the sand, and find a great spot to wait. They even pipe in the music. :::sigh::: Love this spot.
* I read there is a AAFES shop on grounds, do they have groceries?
I believe they have a limited amount but not sure what. Someone will pipe -in here on what exactly they have.
* Parking is not included? Why is that? It is at other WDW properties.
I'm assuming you mean at the resort? It's not my favorite thing but I think they added the fee after they built the parking garage. I believe the other Disney resorts have to park in full sun or rain. SOG has a nice garage and I guess that they feel that the guests should pay the fee to get the perk.
Parking at the parks is $11 and not free like it has been in the past.

This was a negotiated perk that I guess SOG let go. Maybe it'll be added in the future.
* Q on Park Tickets. My friends have their rooms & flights, they still need Park Tickets. Best prices? Would it be the Stars & Stripes? From what I've gathered, these are better if you want Hoppers, but if you don't, then maybe not?
I've never bought the stars and stripes tickets. I believe that ticket is from check-in to check-out. I like to but a regular MYW ticket from SOG because the price is better than online discounted tkt brokers. Also, no tax.
* Is there a Disney gift shop on the grounds of SOG?
Well, there's a shop that sells Disney stuff. There will be a few swimsuits, t-shirts, pjs, toys, but the selection is small. For some, it might be exactly what they need and otheres need to shop at MouseGear or DTD. They have smaller and less exciting Disney stuff than the other Disney resorts.
That's all I have. I love SOG. It's so much cleaner than the Disney resorts (and
they're not too bad) I like the quietness, peacefulness. It's very beautiful. Oh, did I tell you about the bathroom? It's HUGE. I like big bathrooms. Love the QN size bed as opposed to the dbl beds at Disney resorts.
Good luck!