We haven't adopted, but we're foster parents hoping to adopt someday.
We've had our current placement for a little over a year now.
The one piece of advice I would give, and I know that this may meet with some criticism, but I would recommend looking into attachment parenting.
The key to bonding with a foster/adoptive child is setting up the parent/child trust from the beginning. How is that done with a biological newborn? By swaddling and making eye contact and meeting your baby's every need. Through things as simple as feeding a newborn when she's hungry and changing her diaper when needed, the baby learns that you are the parent. You are the person she can trust when she needs anything. Many adopted children have a history of neglect where they never learned this bond. At the very least, they have lost any bond that they may have had with their biological parent.
When bonding with a foster/adoptive child, no matter how old the child is, you have to establish this system from the very beginning. It's obviously slightly different depending on the age of the child. With infants/toddlers, it's slightly easier because they still depend greatly on you for their care. So you just make sure that when they get a bottle or sippy cup, YOU hold it instead of letting them hold it themselves. Cuddle them and make lots of eye contact with them when feeding them. Basically, treat them like they're newborn again.
With slightly older, more independent children, you have to set up an understanding that you are the parent and they are the child. Set up a system where if they need ANYTHING, they ask you and you get it. Even if it's something that a child of that age can typically do. That way they start to learn that they can depend on you for their needs instead of having to do things for themselves. They have to see you as the parent.
For folks with biological children, this probably sounds insane and counter-intuitive. It goes against just about everything you've ever learned about parenting and raising a healthy and happy child. But because of the loss that adoptive kids suffer (and they ALL suffer significant loss, no matter how old or what their background), you have to aproach parenting differently at the beginning. Essentially you have to set aside much of what you've learned about raising kids. You can't think, "Oh he's X years old now. He should be able to soothe himself back to sleep by now." Or, "She's X years old, she should be fully capable of making her own sandwich." Yes, they're CAPABLE of doing these things, but you have to take every opportunity you can to show them that you are there to do these things for them. This isn't to say that you treat them this way forever. You establish the bond and the trust at the beginning, then you gradually ease them into the more independence.
Sorry this is so long. But we've done tons of research, and this just makes sense. Here are a couple of really great books I would recommend reading:
Parenting the Hurt Child: Helping Adoptive Families Heal and Grow, by Gregory Keck and Regina M. Kupecky
When Love Is Not Enough: A Guide to Parenting Children With RAD by Terena Thomas
(this book deals with Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD), from which many adopted children suffer, and it also goes in depth with the parenting methods I mentioned above.)
Again, I'm sorry I got so long-winded. But this is a subject we're passionate about, and we've researched it at great length. Hope some of this helps!!
Good luck!
-Christal