You have more than one issue here.
The first is insurance. Ask to speak with the hospital's social work department ASAP. You guys need to get on Medicaid or whatever equivalent government-offered program is offered. And they are there, so make sure you avail yourselves of them. Some of them go back retroactively to the date of admission. Worst case scenario is that your relatives have to go on a payment plan and if so, they work that out with the hospital's finance department and as long as they are regularly paying, the hospital can't do anything to them, even if it takes 10 years to pay it back. Uninsured patients are not charged more, they are charged "rack rate" for their care. Insured patients are charged whatever rates their insurance companies have contracted with the hospital. That is the difference. As an example, a CT scan costs $500 "rack rate" or full charge. XYZ insurance company comes along and says "We can promise you that 50 of our clients will need to have a CT scan, and we are willing to pay you $400 per CT scan, because we are promising you 50 of them". The hospital takes the bet that XYZ insurance clients are going to come to their hospital at least 50 times for a CT scan, plus, if the hospital doesn't do business with XYX insurance and it is a big insurance carrier in their area, people may not come to their hospital at all...they'll go to the hospital that does take XYZ insurance. This is sort of a simplified explanation, as there are insurance adjustors, auditors, underwriters etc. also involved, but it boils down to this as the basic idea.
The next problem is admit date. Your relative has had a couple of different admit dates. Admissions to the ER or any other outpatient care are considered outpatient admissions. Admissions to the hospital for inpatient care (care which will require more than a 24 hour stay) are inpatient care. They are billed and recorded differently. The admit on his chart now is the admit date for his inpatient stay. If you got a hold of his ER charts, you would see the proper admit dates for those visits as well, and you would see that on his last ER visit, when he got admitted to the hospital, that it was recorded as such.
The next problem is standard of care. Based on what you have written it sounds as if things were missed. To be perfectly honest with you, I am a nurse and from the perspective of the caregiver, we don't give different care to someone based on their insurance or lack thereof....we generally don't even know what kind of insurance a patient has, if any. And we don't care. It's just not our problem, it's not our area to worry about, so we don't. That's not our issue. So if he received substandard care, it's probably not based on his insurance status. It may be based on other things...staffing levels, staff ability,acuity in the ER that day etc, but probably not based on insurance. As far as the pain medication thing...often they do not give someone with pain any medication at first because that can sometimes "mask" the symptoms, making it more difficult to diagnose and/or treat. Because your son had appendicitis and had the same symptoms means nothing. Sounds mean, but it's not meant to be mean. And, quite frankly, any decent caregiver does not like to see someone lying there in pain, but we understand the reason behind it.
The thing that seems to be negligence on the part of the hospital is the reading of the x-ray/CT scan...whichever one it was that was going to be read the next day. That long of a delay in the reading of a scan is unacceptable. especially for someone complaining of abdominal pain. There are so many things in the abdomen that can cause pain, the appendix being only one of them, that usually any ER x-rays/CT scans etc. are read pretty much ASAP. If it is a large hospital, they usually have a radiologist on call, and often also have interns or residents specializing in radiology who are capable of reading x-rays and CT scans.
As far as what to do about that...here is what I would do (I am a nurse who works in a fairly large acute care hospital). I would start with the nursing supervisor of the unit that he is on right now. I would tell him/her that I am concerned about the delay in reading the CT scan/x-ray in the ER, which caused a delay in treatment, which has obviously caused a very negtative outcome for your relative. I would ask if they need to report sentinel events and would inquire as to if this counted as one. A sentinel event is something that the hospital screwed up badly that makes for a negative outcome for the patient and in Connecticut, it has to be reported to the state hospital association. I would assume there is a similar mechanism in place in Alabama. I would ask that nursing supervisor follow-up with the director of both the ER and Radiology at the hospital, and put them on notice that I am planning on pursuing this to my satisfaction. Don't say sue, because once you say the word sue, everybody clams up. And plus, once you hear the explanantion, maybe there is no cause to sue, although based on the information at hand, that seems doubtful. I would also ask to speak to someone from the Risk Management Department, and share my concerns with them. I would tell them that I expect them to look into this matter, and respond back to me within 48 hours with an explanation, in writing, as to why the delay in treatment, why the delay in reading the scans. If I have been otherwise satisfied with the care, I would tell them that. And I mean that...don't go in guns blazing saying "this hospital sucks" because the fact is that the whole hospital probably doesn't suck. Some of what you encountered sucks, but if his surgery went well, the surgeon did a good job, the nurses are doing a good job, then you have areas that suck, but it's not the whole thing. And if you are logical and reasonable, it will take you a lot farther. It is up to you whether or not you choose to get a lawyer involved at this point, but keep in mind, once the lawyer gets involved everything changes, information is harder to get because the hospital will hold to the letter of the law as far as sharing records and HIPAA, and then the lawyer's fees will start piling up.
Best of luck. Sounds like your relative is doing OK post-op ruptured appendix...it's not a cakewalk, but all of what you posted about his post-op course seems pretty on target for what he's been through.
Feel free to PM me if you wish.