Went through similar on our Eastern this past summer on the Fantasy. I agree it is unlikely that you will get any form of compensation, but I doubt even
travel insurance would have compensated you in any way, other than medical costs, so don't kick yourself in that regard.
Speaking of medical costs, the ships medical staff was incredible for us and identical experiences with Pedialyte and the run-around with room service charging. I found stating the facts when ordering solved the charging problem, rather than waiting until delivery to the room. Two other things;
One, the doctor informed us they were not allowed to jail us and charge us for it (her words). So, if you are quarantined, it appears Disney will not also bill you for the medical services associated with it. Otherwise, I'm sure many would forego treatment and potentially expose others.
Two, we got a wonderful note from the captain explaining who was in quarantine (my 3YO son) and when he could leave quarantine (24 hours after last episode). It outlined what items we would receive at no cost, specifically; dry cleaning of any soiled clothing, meals and soda via room service (I did clarify this applied to a caretaker as well) and that
DCL would allow us to cancel, without penalty, our next day's excursion. Our quarantine ended about an hour after our planned excursion left, so we could not have gone and I cancelled and then just did a tour on our own. They also let me change our daughter to an excursion with other family members or she would have been stuck with us.
Overall, I missed a sea day on our cruise which I was sad about, but incredibly pleased with the medical staff and the overall process. More important to ensure everyone else's health (ship's doctor suggested a bad outbreak could drydock the ship) than haul a sick child around in the heat.
Glad to hear yours is back to health.