That depends on the school I graduated valedictorian and I didn't have perfect grades... they were just better then everyone else I graduated with.
As for putting in alot of effort the last year. Well since neither myself or the two below me put in a lot of effort any of the four years (we were all just the lucky ones that this school stuff came easy too I didn't work at it until college) so had either the 2nd or 3rd place person put in a lot of effort senior year they would have passed me.
Wow I can't imagine that! And I wonder about the size and quality of the program.
Heck around here a B in freshman gym can send you out of the running for top 10 let alone Valedictorian.
To the OP all those expenses were known expenses, so it should have been planned.
If he truly can't afford a lap top then take his desk top one. He doesn't need a printer probably, most schools have printers, the only thing he truly needs to live in a dorm that he doesn't have at home may be extra long sheets and he could babysit an evening to make enough to pay for those. Everything else is a nicety when you come down to it. (oh and an extension cord to plug the computer in with) Including the saxophone.