Licenses and permits vary by state here.
In Mass. you need to be 16 to take the written test for a permit.
With driver's ed class, behind the wheel time with driving school teacher, observation time with driving school, plus driving time with your parents, you can get your JOL (Jr operator license) within 6 months. You just need to take a road test for that one. You sit with a state trooper and drive around, park, etc.
JOL restrictions suck though. For the first 6 months of your license you can't drive with anyone under 18 unless there is someone with a license who is over 21 in the passenger seat (unless its your immediate family).
No driving between 12AM-5AM.
Speeding tickets are now a huge offense for JOL drivers. You get the ticket, suspended license for 60 days, have to take a driving course (out of your pocket $), pay $500 reinstatement fee, and i think you need to take the road test again.
JOL laws end once you turn 18. (Which is today for me woohoo!)