I attend a Southern Baptist church, so I can tell you the general beliefs. I am not very familiar with Baptist churches, but it is my understanding that Baptist churches are more prevalent in the northern states than in the southern states. I'm not positive, but I think Baptist churches may be less conservative in their doctrine than Southern Baptist Churches.
The core beliefs of Southern Baptists are 1) Jesus Christ is the only Son of God and Jesus died for the sins of all mankind 2) God is three-in-one (the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit) 3) eternal life/salvation from sin is the free gift of God and is not based on good works 4) in order to spend eternity with God, one must accept Christ as Savior and Lord of your life
I copied the following information from the website of the Southern Baptist Convention (you can click
here for the link):
Basic Beliefs
Southern Baptists have prepared a statement of generally held convictions called The Baptist Faith and Message. It serves as a guide to understanding who they are. Copies are available at Southern Baptist churches. The topics here provide only a brief, partial summary. The full text on the issue discussed is also available on this website.
The Scriptures
The Holy Bible was written by men divinely inspired and is God's revelation of Himself to man. It is a perfect treasure of divine instruction. It has God for its author, salvation for its end, and truth, without any mixture of error, for its matter.
God
There is one and only one living and true God.
The eternal God reveals Himself to us as Father, Son and Holy Spirit, with distinct personal attributes, but without division of nature, essence, or being.
God the Father
God as Father reigns with providential care over His universe, His creatures, and the flow of the stream of human history according to the purposes of His grace.
God is Father in truth to those who become children of God through faith in Jesus Christ.
God the Son
Christ is the eternal Son of God. In His incarnation as Jesus Christ, He was conceived of the Holy Spirit and born of the virgin Mary.
He honored the divine law by His personal obedience, and in His death on the cross, He made provision for the redemption of men from sin.
God the Holy Spirit
The Holy Spirit is the Spirit of God.
He exalts Christ. He convicts of sin, of righteousness and of judgment.
He enlightens and empowers the believer and the church in worship, evangelism, and service.
Man
Man was created by the special act of God, in His own image, and is the crowning work of His creation.
By his free choice man sinned against God and brought sin into the human race.
The sacredness of human personality is evident in that God created man in His own image, and in that Christ died for man; therefore every man possesses dignity and is worthy of respect and Christian love.
Salvation
Salvation involves the redemption of the whole man, and is offered freely to all who accept Jesus Christ as Lord and Saviour, who by His own blood obtained eternal redemption for the believer. In its broadest sense salvation includes regeneration, sanctification, and glorification.
God's Purpose of Grace
Election is the gracious purpose of God, according to which He regenerates, sanctifies, and glorifies sinners.
All true believers endure to the end. Those whom God has accepted in Christ, and sanctified by His Spirit will never fall away from the state of grace, but shall persevere to the end.
The Church
A New Testament church of the Lord Jesus Christ is a local body of baptized believers who are associated by covenant in the faith and fellowship of the gospel
and seeking to extend the gospel to the ends of the earth.
This church is an autonomous body.
The New Testament speaks also of the church as the body of Christ, which includes all of the redeemed of all the ages.
Baptism & the Lord's Supper
Christian baptism is the immersion of a believer in water.
It is an act of obedience symbolizing the believer's faith in a crucified, buried, and risen Saviour, the believer's death to sin, the burial of the life, and the resurrection to walk in newness of life in Christ Jesus.
The Lord's Supper is a symbolic act of obedience whereby members
memorialize the death of the Redeemer and anticipate His second coming.
The Lord's Day
The first day of the week is the Lord's Day.
It commemorates the resurrection of Christ from the dead and should be employed in exercises of worship and spiritual devotion.
Last Things
God, in His own time and in His own way, will bring the world to its appropriate end.
Jesus Christ will return personally and visibly
the dead will be raised; and Christ will judge all men in righteousness. The unrighteous will be consigned to Hell.
The righteous
will receive their reward and will dwell forever in Heaven with the Lord.
Evangelism & Missions
It is the duty and privilege of every follower of Christ and every church of the Lord Jesus Christ to endeavor to make disciples of all nations
to seek constantly to win the lost to Christ by personal effort.
Education
The cause of education in the Kingdom of Christ is co-ordinate with the causes of missions and general benevolence
there should be a proper balance between academic freedom and academic responsibility.
The freedom of a teacher in a Christian school, college, or seminary is limited by the pre-eminence of Jesus Christ, by the authoritative nature of the Scriptures, and by the distinct purpose for which the school exists.
Stewardship
God is the source of all blessings, temporal and spiritual; all that we have and are we owe to Him. Christians have a spiritual debtorship to the whole world, a holy trusteeship in the gospel, and a binding stewardship in their possessions. They are therefore under obligation to serve Him with their time, talents, and material possessions.
Cooperation
Christ's people should
organize such associations and conventions as may best secure cooperation for the great objects of the Kingdom of God. Such organizations have no authority over one another or over the churches.
Cooperation is desirable between the various Christian denominations.
The Christian & the Social Order
Every Christian is under obligation to seek to make the will of Christ supreme in his own life and in human society. ... The Christian should oppose in the spirit of Christ every form of greed, selfishness, and vice.
Religious Liberty
Church and state should be separate. The state owes to every church protection and full freedom in the pursuit of its spiritual ends.
A free church in a free state is the Christian ideal.
Family
God has ordained the family as the foundational institution of human society.
Marriage is the unity of one man and one woman in covenant commitment for a lifetime.
The husband and wife are of equal worth before God, since both are created in God's image. The marriage relationship models the way God relates to His people.
Children, from the moment of conception, are a blessing and heritage from the Lord.
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I hope that is the sort of information you're looking for! Sorry I'm not more familiar with the differences between Southern Baptists and Baptists.
That's a hard question to answer. Hmmm, in the begining there were Baptist. The Southern Baptist branched out of them for politicial, not spirtual reasons. 
Can you tell me why without this thread turning into a debate?
