To OP, I agree with pp, see if an ortho can do anything for you now. Trust me, it will only get worse with age!
As for the "short fix", I'd recommend getting some furry/fluffy/poofy fabric and making yourself an insert of some sort for that foot. If the lined shoes bring you some relief (or prevent the hardship to begin with, then maybe using that idea and making it "mobile" will help? You might need to get a larger shoe, though, which may make things a bit more challenging, but it might work. Or maybe just a wide?
Also, something that has worked wonders for me when I've had blisters (not the same thing, but the "rubbing" on something that hurt is similar), I've gotten and used band-aid brand blister block bandages. They have extra cushions on them, and are good at not sliding.
Also, don't know if this would work, but are you able to "pull" the toe in at all by taping it to the other toes? Not all the way in or straight, but in enough so that you could get some relief and not have it constantly rub?
Best of luck.