Building a training plan, part 9: Training periodization
Part 1: What am I thinking??
Part 2: Sources
Part 3: Principles
Part 4: Elements of training
Part 5: Mental training
Part 6: Mile plan 1.0
Part 7: Mile plan 2.0
Part 8: Workouts
Last time we looked at the trees (individual workouts), so this time let's step back and focus on the forest, aka the overall structure of the plan.
ID: My Rottweiler lying on his side on the couch with all his feet tangled together.
Levels of speed
A good starting place: breaking all the specific paces from the chart into a few broad groups. I've borrowed much of the terminology from McMillan but taken some liberties with the definitions because this way makes the most sense to me. From fastest to slowest:
1.
Sprint/VO2max: This is about as fast as you can go and still count as distance running (so not technically sprinting in the Usain Bolt sense, just as close as you get in endurance sports). Here's your VO2max pace/maximum aerobic speed, which Fitzgerald actually defines as your 6-minute race pace (i.e. the pace you could run at for at most 6 minutes). Daniels says 11-minute race pace (I/H), so it would also include the faster R pace. For me this includes mile race pace, and maybe 3K pace if we're really stretching things. It might - again at a stretch - include 5K pace for the very fastest men in the world, but for the rest of us that will be in the next group. Training at these paces helps with power and running economy.
2.
Speed: Here you're slower than those VO2max-plus paces, but faster than your lactate threshold. Weirdly, Daniels doesn't seem to have any work here, unless I'm missing something, but elsewhere this is critical velocity (30-minute race pace) and the surrounding paces. For me, that's 5K/10K. Training at these paces helps to increase your ability to run fast for longer periods of time.
3.
Stamina: Hello, lactate threshold! Since I don't think we've covered this yet: your lactate threshold is the pace at which your body can no longer clear the lactic acid out of your muscles as they're working, and fatigue starts to build up. For most people, this corresponds to about the pace you can run for 60 minutes max. Running at just a smidge slower than lactate threshold pace helps to improve it, but if you run too fast, lactate does build up in your muscles and it defeats the purpose of the workout. (As you might have guessed, this is something I need to work on...) So in my non-expert opinion, this category starts at lactate threshold pace and goes up to about half marathon/steady pace. I might include marathon pace in here as well, because it really is more work than an easy run.
4.
Endurance: Easy! You should be able to have a full conversation, no problem, and run at this pace almost indefinitely. Easy running builds your aerobic capacity, i.e. your ability to run for a long time. The longer the distance of your race, the more of an aerobic base you need. Marathon training = lots of easy miles!
ID: Rottweiler sitting on the patio, waiting not-so-patiently for his human to come back from taking out the trash.
Training sub-blocks
If my memory is correct, your body will adapt to a specific training stimulus (i.e. pace group) for about 6-8 weeks before your improvements level off. So why are a lot of plans 12-20 weeks? Because of the different effects of different types of training. For the marathon, you want to build your endurance and stamina the most, yes, but you do want to hit some faster paces as well for those power and speed benefits. Plus, training at paces faster than your race pace helps race pace feel easier. To see benefits in multiple areas, you can divide your training into a few different blocks.
Since I'm thinking about marathon training, that's the focus I'll use here, but keep in mind that these mini-cycles will look very different if you're training for, say, a 5K or 10K rather than a marathon. Also, since I'm already doing a mile race cycle right now, pretty much the only time I'll get back to those paces during marathon training is with strides a couple of times a week. Anyway, based on my research and reasoning, here's the overall structure I'm thinking for my plan:
Phase 1: Endurance
Last time around, my plan slowly built up to peak mileage (48 miles) in week 14 (of 16). That made sense for where I was at the time; it was my first marathon, and my highest-mileage week leading up to M training was about 30 miles. Jumping in too quickly creates injury risks, so a gradual build was the right way to go.
Now that I've run a marathon and a 16-mile long run doesn't seem so daunting, I can do things a little differently. I'll be using this endurance phase to build up to my peak mileage early. I'm currently running around 30-40 miles per week, and I'll take the first few weeks of the plan to get myself to the low to mid 50s. I won't have a whole lot of intensity during this time - probably just one light workout a week so my legs remember how to run fast. By building up my mileage at low intensity early, I'll be able to maintain that higher mileage throughout the training cycle while adding more intensity.
Duration: 4-5 weeks
Phase 2: Stamina
Next it is time to work on that lactate threshold. Here I'll start incorporating more workouts, mainly at lactate threshold pace specifically but with some slower and faster paces as well. I'll still be running pretty high mileage (for me), with a cutback week every few weeks to give my body a chance to adapt to the stimulus.
Duration: 4-5 weeks
Phase 3: Race prep
If you're training for a marathon, you should probably have some work at your goal marathon pace. I'll do a little bit of that earlier in the plan, but this phase is where the real focus on race pace comes in. Now, for this purpose, I'll be using an equivalency calculator; I expect my marathon pace to come out somewhere around 8:40. I don't actually expect to run a whole marathon at that pace, since the calculators tend to be wildly optimistic when it comes to marathon times. However, it's helpful for training purposes.
This part of the plan isn't really to get faster. Instead, it's more to internalize the pace you want to run on race day. I am terrible at pacing, so I need LOTS of practice. Because my vague race strategy involves starting out on the slower side and gradually building up speed as long as I can, I will probably incorporate that into my MP workouts too.
Duration: 3-4 weeks
Phase 4: Taper
Now we are almost to race day! The taper gives your body a chance to recover from everything you put it through during the rest of the training block so you can be fresh and fast on race day. I'll be running the same number of days and still doing 1-2 workouts per week, but I'll be cutting back some of the mileage and keeping the workouts relatively light. Then, hopefully, I will be ready to go for marathon day!
Duration: 2-3 weeks
ID: Slightly damp, slightly grumpy Rottweiler sitting on the rug with a beach towel wrapped around him. (He is afraid of the blow drier.)
That's it! Do you have other types of training you typically include in a marathon block? What does your ideal overall plan structure look like?