I would think that most vegetables would defrost at about the same rate. The composition of most vegetables is very similar (90-95% water). It takes a certain amount of energy (heat) to transform a solid into a liquid (called the latent heat of fusion) and then a significantly smaller amount of energy to raise it each degree. Water has about the highest latent heat of fusion of any substance, so anything with a high water content (like veggies) should work about as good as anything. (Dry ice works more than twice as good only because it goes through a double transformation simultaneously - from solid directly to gas - at about -110F.)
Far more important than the ice substitue that you use would be the insulation value of the container that it's packed in. The better insulated and more airtight that it is, the less heat that would be able to leak in, which is what causes the frozen stuff to melt.
One suggestion in a previous post (and mentioned in passing in this post) was to use dry ice. I would make sure to read the TSA and airline restrictions, as that might not be allowed. I got by with it once, bringing how a box full of Giordano's pizzas from Chicago packed in a styrofoam cooler in a cardboard box (specially made for Giordano's) with dry ice, but after reading some restrictions online since then, I'm not really sure if they were supposed to let me bring dry ice on the plane. (Although it really shouldn't be a problem -- it's just frozen carbon dioxide, which is one of the things we exhale!)