For the US I know they can reject the photo but that would be for things against the rules which can be found via the website another poster mentioned on the first page.
Current U.S. rules regarding certain things mentioned in the thread:
Bare shoulders=not against any rules (there isn't any mention regarding this and an example acceptable photo shows the woman with bare shoulders)
White shirt=not against the rules (there isn't any mention regarding this other than some helpful hints for babies and several example acceptable photos show individuals with white shirts)
Smile=acceptable so long as it's a natural smile, an unnatural smile is not acceptable
Glasses=not acceptable unless you submit paperwork from your doctor reflecting it's for medical reasons, etc.
So if you take a picture with glasses on with an unnatural smile yeah you're taking a risk it could get rejected. Wearing a white shirt with your shoulders bare should not get you rejected unless you are not conforming to one of the other rules regarding the picture (could be hair on face, a hat, proportions, background, etc). That was my point.
As far as your issue listed above, respectfully that's really different than a passport photo with guidelines spelled out on our government's website. Plus they even put out a
youtube video (hey they're up to date on the times lol). When you do your passport applications you'll also see the photo guidelines listed: (though the website has it listed easier)
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