Why is this so amazing? Back in the old days when there were farms to run, 18 children wouldn't raise an eyebrow. Why is it so different now?
There are a couple big differences:
"Back in the day" when huge families were not unusual, it was rare that ONE MOTHER produced all those children. Without good health care, pregnancy and childbirth were dangerous, and most men who had 18 children were married 2-3 times over the course of their lives. Hasn't Michelle Duggar had a couple c-sections? Chances are pretty good that she (and the baby) wouldn't have come out quite so well if this were 100 years ago. Jim Bob probably would've been left on his own somewhere around child number six or seven. My great-grandparents had TEN CHILDREN (the two of them, just one marriage), and I understand that was considered a rather remarkable feat for ONE WOMAN. Most women weren't quite so fortunate.
In the days you're describing, children were an economic necessity. Families NEEDED all those kids to help on the farm and to support the parents in their old age (no pensions, 401Ks or social security), and without immunizations they NEEDED to have at least 8-10 kids in hopes that 2-3 would live to adulthood. I remember an elderly relative telling stories about ONE WINTER when her family of 2 parents/6 children became a father/2 daugthers family -- all because of the flu.
Today the vast majority of kids live and thrive, and instead of being an economic HELP to the family, kids today are a financial drain. Today it's expected that they'll be given quite a lot of "stuff" over the years, including educational opportunities, travel experiences, cars, braces . . . and kids aren't expected to contribute to the family in a financial way -- not in the same way they did 100 years ago. Few kids today work for more than their own spending money/car.
I remember going with my grandmother (who was born in 1913) to see an old house that was for sale -- a house in which some of her childhood friends had lived. She showed me the PULL DOWN STAIRS in the dining room that led to the attic where ALL THIRTEEN CHILDREN -- boys and girls -- slept. These weren't poor people; they were an
average family and owned a huge farm. She explained that in that regard she'd been considered
lucky because she had only one sister and they had a bedroom for just the two of them.
I'm not saying that kids aren't worthwhile -- just that our societal thinking has shifted, and it's not really
fair to compare to the olden days.
I think it's most honest to say that the Duggars are an unusual mixture of old-fashioned values/ideas AND modern day advantages. They believe in a big family, but they don't face the same hardships that families did in generations past. Thus, their results are different.
There is also the over-population factor to consider.
Actually, the United States NEEDS more workers/taxpayers. Someone needs to pay into the Social Security fund, or people my age (born mid 60s) won't have anything. Well, we probably won't anyway.