Hi BlokCaptain, and welcome to the DIS!
It sounds like you may want to pick up a guide book and do a great deal of reading here on the DIS. You'll find as many different answers to your questions as there are people, so you need a reference that will help you narrow down your choices according to your likes and dislikes. Since you only have a week before you travel, you might want to pick up Birnbaums as a very (very!) general reference to help you narrow down your choices, then come back to the DIS and do a search on any restaurants, etc, that appeal to you.
It will be impossile not to 'miss anything' in the amount of time you have. Epcot needs two full days to appreciate, Magic Kingdom can easily be a two-day park, MGM can be done in a day, but you'll only see the highlights and a few minor attractions, and AK needs the better part of a full day. You are going during peak season, when it's hot, humid, and there will be daily thunderstorms.
That said, you can do a great deal by taking advantage of Extra Magic Hours, using FastPass, and skipping sit-down meals in favor of counter service (to maximize your touring time). Even with all these time-savers, you will not be able to see it all. Disney is HUGE.
I don't mean to put you off the idea, but it sounds like you're not sure what's in store and it helps a lot to know in advance that you will spend a fair bit of time waiting in lines, you'll be hot, and you won't see it all. I say this only as advise to slow down, enjoy the parks without dropping over from exhaustion, and consider this a trip that will give you the 'Disney bug'. It's almost a guarantee you'll want to return!
