If everything went exactly as planned, barely. It's about a 2.5 hour trip from Port Canaveral to TPA. I'm assuming you'll either have a car parked in the lot or a car service waiting to transport you. If you have to rent a car, it makes it even more doubtful. If your ship is late coming in, you'll never make it. I was on a RCCL cruise about a year ago that didn't get into port until 11:00am due to an unscheduled stop in Miami to unload a sick passenger.
I-4 can sometimes back up, and I've found that car return at the TPA airport is not as efficient as they are at MCO.
If it was me, that's too close for comfort.
Also, if you ar eplanning on using a car service, I'd figure on probably in the $300+ range for transport between the port and TPA, which might eat up any savings.
Let us know what you decide and how it works.
Anne