3.73 better for mileage
4.2 better for towing
The lower number ratio results in lower engine RPM for the same vehicle speed.
Need some quick info from the towing gods on this forum. What is the difference between gear ratios of 3.73 and 4.2? Just wondered which was better for towing vs. better mileage while not towing.
Thanks!

It definitely depends on the vehicle and what you are towing. I have had vehicles with the 4.10 and some with the 3.73 and in a 1/2 ton GM truck I prefer the 3.73 since it keeps the RPM's down a little more and stays plenty well into the power on the 5.3, you cant tow in Overdrive pulling a high profile trailer with these trucks anyways (unless you want to visit the transmission shop)
The 4.10 also netted me a little worse MPG when I wasn't towing 95% of the time.
So it all depends on what you will be doing with the vehicle.
Now on my wifes dodge diesel with the 5.9 and a 6 speed no matter what size tire I put on it (with in reason) the 3.73 gear still pulls great. I sure wish I had my wifes motor in my truck.
I can't remember the show, maybe TRUCKS!, but they recently put a 70's Ford crewcab body on a dodge 5.9 manual tranny rolling chassis. Like you I'd love to have the 5.9 under the hood of my F350.
That would be a sweet ride. I have heard of guys putting the 5.9 in there superdutys but I also heard the price tag is $14,000 to $20,000.
Actually, if I had my way I'd have a C7 in my truck.
http://ohe.cat.com/cda/files/378797/7/LEHT3462-07 HR P1.pdf
From my freight driving days and experience with Cat and Cummings I always preferred the way the Cat engines drove much better than the Cummings.