Under Youngstown Steel, the case involving HST's seizure of the steel mills under National Security justifications, a President's inherent national security power waxes and wanes depending on whether he is acting with the express approval of Congress. There is little doubt that discrete warrantless searches in individualized cases with exigent circumstances may be Constitutional on an ad hoc basis, esp. if the President is acting pursuant to a separate grant of Congressional approval, as in Truong. That cannot be effectively analogized to regular systematic monitoring with no oversight or reporting and with the ability to follow FISA but for a general predisposition against any separation of powers