Welcome to the ANZAC section of the boards,
@pixiepirate. Congratulations on booking your Australian ABD trip and for making the trek down under.
I took the liberty of checking the ABD trip and I assume that you're on the one from October 21 to November 1. If I've made a mistake on your tour dates, please let me know.
Are you planning on being in Melbourne after November 1st for 2 or 3 days? If so, I highly recommend that you book your accommodation ASAP. Melbourne has a public holiday on the 3rd November. We literally stop for a 3.5 minute horse race, the Melbourne Cup. It is a major event on the Melbourne Horse Racing calendar and quite a few visitors do come in for that week. Do you have a budget in mind for accommodation?
In any case, for something in the CBD, you might want to check out the Oaks (I think there are 3 in the CBD) or the Adina or the Citadine if you're after an apartment hotel.
You could also look at the Marriott, Novotel, Langham, Sofitel or the Stamford Hotels.
If you're after something a bit further out of the CBD, let us know and I'm sure we can come up with alternatives.
I would avoid the hotels on King Street, between Flinders and Bourke street. That part of town has a few hotels that cater for the budget traveller; but there are quite a few nightclubs in that area and it can be a bit 'colourful' later at night.
November is springtime in Melbourne. The gardens will be in bloom. The weather is variable....Melbourne is known for having 4 seasons in the same day and you could strike a lovely blue sky day or a day pouring with rain. It could be super hot; or it could be cold. It doesn't snow in Melbourne...so you can definitely count that condition out.
I believe that there are a number of walking tours that the Melbourne Visitor Center offers. I think there is one that they run through the city and hitting the heritage buildings, which might fit within your desire to check out the architecture and history. There are also a number of gardens within the CBD area; or within a short tram ride. You may want to check out the Royal Botannical Gardens and Fitzroy Gardens to see if they are the sort of gardens you like to visit.
You will probably need a whole day to visit the penguins if you're planning on going to Philip Island. It will take about 90 - 120 minutes from the CBD to get to Philip island. The penguins come in at sunset; and it is Antarctic-ally cold down at the beach. There really isn't anything between that beach and the Antarctic winds except for a stray Emperor penguin. But it is pretty down at the island.
Your alternative could be to go to St Kilda Pier/Breakwater. I know they have penguins there but I believe that they are more likely to come in when it's dark.
The 3rd option is the Melbourne Zoo (which Luisa suggested).
The Tramcar restaurant? I haven't been on it in years! I can't comment on the food because its been so long since I was on it that I'd only be providing information that's so dated, it's not worth taking into account. It is an interesting experience, if that's what you're after.
Is your friend interested in the experience or to ride the tram? Trams are now free within the CBD of Melbourne. There is also a city circle tram (it takes about an hour or more to ride the full circle) that is a tourist attraction. The trams on that loop are the old fashioned W class trams. It's the same model tram that they use for the Tramcar restaurant.
I'm sure you've already found any number of websites that provide you with the highlights of Melbourne. If there is anything that you want more intel on, let us know.
Have a great time planning. And I'm usually interested in a DisMeet, if the dates/times allow.