No you dont need to already own a home. All ad valorem taxes imposed on an annual basis on personal property are deductible. (Ad valorem means that tax is based on the value of the property). Some places (like CT or MA) base their annual automobile registration on the value of the car. If so, that tax is also deductible.
But it will only be deductible if you already itemize your deductions...
99.99% of "real" taxpayers are cash basis taxpayers ("real" means breathing human beings as opposed to "corporate" taxpayers).
A cash basis taxpayer only pays tax on income when paid and gets a deduction when paid. So it does not matter when you get the bill, it matters when you pay it.