Thanks for the explanation, MaryJo.
These sick day rules are completely different to ours:
When I'm sick I have to call not later than 10am and state that I'm sick. Up to and including three days that's all I have to do. If the sick time exceeds 3 days in a row, I have to get a 'yellow slip' (It's printed on yellow paper) from a doctor stating how long I will be sick.
My normal pay continues to come in for the first six weeks of sickness, after that period my health insurance takes over, but only pays 80%. There is no limit to sick days per year (OK, there is a limit: 366 this year - Just to prevent the odd joker making a funny remark

). The only penalty we have in our company is a deduction from our Success Sharing Plan: Approximately a month or so of sick time and you won't get your annual bonus of ~$2000-3000.
The average number of sickdays per employee per year in our company is about 5 to 6 days - compared to about 7 to 8 days for the whole country.
If you are suspected of being an abuser, you may be excluded from the 3-days-in-a-row for just a call, which means that from now on you have to get a yellow slip each time.
In my company you have 27 days of vacation when you start and 31 days for everybody over age 35 or being with the company for more than 2 years. If you start with the company at 35 or older, you automatically have the 31 days. You can get additional days by saving time on your account, but usually only for single days and not in connection with your regular vacation.
There is no fixed number of holidays in Germany, they vary from year to year, because if they fall on a weekend it's bad luck for you. This year we lose 5 holidays due to a very unfortunate constellation: Xmas, New Year, Labour Day and our National Day all are on weekends

But fortunately this a leap year and next year will be better again.