My best friend just went through this with her DD. It is Kidney Reflux and depending on the severity of it, all you might have to do is give her a low dose of a specific antibiotic for a while and then re-test to see if the condition is getting better, or she has completely outgrown it. There is no need (unless it's very severe) to rush into surgery right away. This can usually be treeted with a daily low dose of antibiotics and then get retested. My friends DD is almost 6 and they said that she's to be on the antibiotics (which may or may not cause UTI's) until she's at least 7. At this time, she'll be retested and see how the condition is then. Her pediatric Urologist told her that 80% of kids with this condition outgrow it. If she does get a UTI while on the low dose antibiotic, she has to go off that one, get a stronger one to kill the UTI and then go back on the low dose. My friend was lucky she found a Pediatric Urologist that is non-effasive and didn't immediately suggest surgery. Her pediatrician was very happy with that, since this condition can easily be outgrown.