To use your points at the non-DVC resorts, you just call MS. MS makes the booking for you. All of the non DVC resorts are available for points reservations except the values, WL, BWI & BC. The only restriction is availability at the destination resort and the 60 day rule. (Can't make a reservation during the last 60 days of your use year at a non-DVC resort if your stay will also occur during that same period).
Most here do not use points for the non-DVC resorts on a regular basis, though. The points required per night are generally more than what you would pay for a studio (and sometimes a 1 bedroom) at the DVC resorts.
You can find the points charts for the non-DVC WDW resorts are on the Members' website and in your DVC Planner.
A good option, if you are willing, is to rent your points and use the proceeds to book a non-DVC resort using cash. You will make out better in the long run, as long as you feel comfortable enough to rent out your points.