What you pay depends on how long you have been paying in,so that really depends on the homeowner whether or not they have paid enough to cover their damages. Also, I assume that if you continue to submit claims, your premium goes up or your contract is not renewed (although I don't know if thats legal). I have heard horror stories of people trying to find HOI if they had previously filed claims, so it may be.
Emergency funding from the state, does that happen in every case? I'm sure there are requirements to be met in order for that, so again individual circumstances may come into play. I don't think the State will be declaring any emergencies because my local creek flooded and 100 homes were damaged. A larger scale flood, like the river, maybe but I don't really know.
I agree, that we all put in, and there are many people who pay into the system who never need to use what they do, some use it all and then some. That still doesn't mean there is something wrong with expecting those people who choose to put themselves at a higher risk of having to use the system, pay more because of that choice.