and don't believe that saying "that you should not scold a dog if the damage was done a while ago. they say dogs don't remember more than 20 minutes"
Not true (with our smart one at least). If she gets into something at midnight... then I come downstairs in the morning... she will not follow as usual. She remembers that she is going to be in trouble.
Mikeeeee
That's been extensively studied. The dog knows that you get mad when stuff is strewn on the floor, etc. -- not that she did it and it was wrong and she's ashamed of herself.
They set up blind studies where they'd rip something up on the livingroom floor, the people would come in, and the dog would slink over to them looking "guilty" in the owners' minds, when really the dog hadn't done anything at all and nothing to feel guilty about. The dog just knew that in that situation (ripped up mess on floor), Mom/Dad lose their cool, and was anticipating that.
Most dogs outgrow the destructive phase, the same way human babies outgrow sticking everything in their mouths. When they're in your sight, you keep things out of their way and snatch things away that they shouldn't put in their mouths. And when they're not in your sight, you make sure they're somewhere that's safe.
Everybody slips up -- I've told the owner of every single puppy I've ever sold that the dog will destroy something they value, and they need to accept it up front, the same way they'd accept that their 4 year old might take scissors to Grandma's afghan or draw in some valuable book. You hope it doesn't happen, you guard against it happening, but when it happens, you accept that the puppy/kid didn't know any better.
You can set the dog up to repeat the crime and catch them in it (put a piece of whatever was ripped up on the floor and when they approach it, scold them), but just pitching a fit hours later doesn't mean anything except that "Wow, Dad's mad -- let me slink over to him to show that I just want him to mellow out."