I think they are quite ineffective. Check this out.
FAMILY MEDICINE® COLUMN
By John C. Wolf, D.O.
Associate Professor of Family Medicine®
Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine
HEALTH RISKS FROM PUBLIC TOILETS PROBABLY EXAGGERATED
Question: Last week, I learned from a couple of R.N.s that toilet seat covers have no health benefits at all. They said that there is no scientific evidence that a paper product will provide any protection from disease/germs. They really only absorb the urine. What is your opinion on this?
Answer: All of us must use public restrooms occasionally. Some of these facilities are carefully maintained while others are far from spotless. The clean ones make me less uncomfortable while some of the dirtier ones make me uncomfortable just standing there. Actually sitting on the toilet is an "extreme emergency only" option. The health risks from use of a public restroom are principally from the bacteria, lice, or viruses left by previous users. It is well known that these organisms can survive on hard surfaces for an extended period of time. As example, the common cold virus may lurk on doorknobs, faucet handles and similar objects for as long as a month. Bacteria are less hardy. Depending on the particular type, they typically only survive for hours or days. Obviously, being the "next in line" at the restroom can offer some unappealing opportunities.
Despite what might appear to be the gloomy prospect of infection from use of a public restroom, catching an infection this way is actually a rare event. This is especially true for those who are in good health. There are a few documented cases of hospitalized individuals contracting infectious diarrhea because the previous person in that room had the disease. These infections could have been transmitted by ways other than an improperly cleaned toilet, so these few cases remain as lessons for the infection control teams of hospitals, not worries for you and me.
Bacteriologic studies can recover disease-causing microbes from toilet bowels and seats. Despite this, there is no scientific literature that shows these are transmitted to subsequent users in sufficient numbers to actually cause illness. Therefore, your nurse friends are correct. Paper toilet seat covers really do nothing beneficial. Carefully washing your hands after using the bathroom is far more important.
Here are a few practical tips for you to consider. As a general principle, if the toilet appears clean, it is clean enough to use. However, I strongly recommend that you avoid direct contact with someone else's blood, stool or urine. If you are faced with the dilemma of having a soiled toilet as your only option in a "potty emergency," there are several steps you should take. First, while being careful to avoid getting any of the obvious contamination on you, wipe it from the toilet seat with tissue and flush it away. Then, use a paper toilet seat cover, or, even better, quickly clean the seat. This can be accomplished in one of three ways: soap and water, Lysol, or - most effectively - diluted household bleach. Then, wash your hands when you are done.
Family Medicine® is a weekly column. To submit questions, write to John C. Wolf, D.O., Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Grosvenor Hall, Athens, Ohio 45701
This seems to be the view in the medical community.