Wow I just got done reading this very heated (no pun intended) thread. Just a few comments I was thinking about when I read through this topic. I don't think I am reiterating any points.
My kids' school has no a/c so punishment inside would be just as bad as outside.
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No A/C now that is punishment, although I guess it would make me more grateful to come home.
I am concerned with what the pediatrician may have said to the OP. It seems like she was placating you with her comment about CPS. I have never called CPS for sun exposure or school punishments, only for parents shaking babies, breaking bones, parents neglecting their children's very existence while getting high, etc. Each doctor has his or her own ideas though.
I hope that your child's pediatrician is helping with the sun exposure asthma. I'm not a pediatrician but I can tell you that as a physician I've never diagnosed it nor is there a code to bill for that. If there is let me know I'll tell the office manager. There is an asthma, exercise induced asthma, asthma unspecified, etc. Either way in mild asthma some children outgrow it, without major long-lasting sequela. Hopefully yours will.
My school was the only parochial school in our area that still had sisters (the black and white wearing kind). Punishments were up to their discretion. Looking back on that if I had to live in a convent, praying, abstaining, I'd probably take up time by thinking of creative behavioral modification techniques for kids too.
Now this is a little off topic but I didn't see any parent mention it yet (probably because it is a whole separate topic). My wife and I believe in spanking, not beating, but spanking when you did something wrong. I'll make sure to not take my child to your pediatrician though, I don't want to see CPS.