Also, have you ruled out anything physical, such as a brain tumor??
I was wondering if he has possibly started to lose his hearing. Maybe the less he's able to hear has been making him more anxious. Like he barely hears the neighbor's dog barking, can't determine himself what it's for & so he freaks out.
How do we go about establishing that we are the Alpha Dog? Put him back on a leash and treat him like he is a puppy?
I also have to say that he is crate trained. He spends about 8 hours in the crate during the day while I'm at work, though my mother is home with him (she is handicapped and cannot get to him when he gets in trouble, so we decided to use the crate while I'm at work for his safety and hers).
Has he always spent so much time in the crate, or is that more recent? Maybe having to spend so much time in there makes him anxious when he's out.
Also, if he seems to freak out more when he's out of the crate, maybe he does lack the socialization (or forgot how) to behave when he's out. It might be good to keep him on a lease for a while while he's out. This way you can more easily get direct control of him quicker and catch him as he first starts to act up. He might need that firm of a hand at first until he's secure enough being out of the crate.
On Oprah a while back, she had The Dog Whisperer on her show. Cesar (somebody). Her most beloved dog Sophie, who is NOT a young dog, goes crazy & attacks every other animal it sees. Since Oprah likes to have
many dogs, it created quite a social problem amongst the dogs. She didn't want to have to keep Sophie separate from all the other dogs.
Cesar came on, saw how Oprah interacted with Sophie when Sophie would start going crazy & out of control. Essentially, Oprah went crazy & out of control while she was trying to control Sophie, yelling at the dog, becoming anxious herself, which just made the dog worse, because she was picking up the anxious cues of the Alpha dog (not realizing it was about her.)
Within about an hour, Cesar showed Oprah how to maintain a firm, strong, calm attitude while handling the dog during those times. When the dog realized who was in charge (whether Cesar or Oprah,) and that the Alpha dog had the situation under control, and even EXPECTED certain behavior from the submissive dog(s) during those times, Sophie actually fell in line. Knowing what behavior was expected, actually calmed her down. She calmly met the other dogs - even the new ones Cesar brought with him, as well as Oprah's other dogs that were used to being attacked. After a while Sophie was even
playing with the other dogs.
Cesar has video tapes out & a book (I think.) Maybe some type of Dog Whisperer tape is on Youtube somewhere. Heck, when someone here recommended the best pet hair brush to get, I happened to find 7 Youtube clips of people just combing their pets with it.

This is much more important than that.