At Epcot, I occasionally use a long lens (200-250mm) to take shots of World Showcase countries from across the pond. I've used 250-300mm at the Candlelight Processional as well.
At DHS, I've used 250-420mm for Lights, Motors, Action and Indiana Jones stunt show, as well as occasional closeups of Tower of Terror from Sunset Blvd.
At MK, I've used 250mm for closeups of signs, lights, and characters, from the Liberty Belle, and from the Main Street Station for closeups of the castle.
At AK, I use 250mm, 300mm, 420mm, and even 500mm lenses for all the wildlife and birds...I rarely go to AK with less than 300mm on me.
Around the resorts, I'll use long telephotos for birding, for shooting across to Downtown Disney, for photographing boats, monorails, and other resorts from rooftops and across the way.