I just thought I would throw in the 2 largest Jewish movements views on Homosexuality
Two Conservative Jewish organizations, the Rabbinical Assembly and the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism have approved very similar statements concerning homosexuality.* The proclamation by the Committee on Jewish Law and Standards (CJLS) -- the movement's chief law-making body -- of the Rabbinical Assembly (RA) on 1992-MAR-25 states:
Whereas Judaism affirms that the Divine image reflected by every human being must always be cherished and affirmed, and
Whereas Jews have always been sensitive to the impact of official and unofficial prejudice and discrimination, whenever directed, and
Whereas gay and lesbian Jews have experienced not only the constant threats of physical violence and homophobic rejection, but also the pains of anti-Semitism known to all Jews and, additionally, a sense of painful alienation from our own religious institutions, and
Whereas the extended family of gay and lesbian Jews are often members of our congregations who live with concern for the safety, health, and well being of their children, and
Whereas the AIDS crisis has deeply exacerbated the anxiety and suffering of this community of Jews who need in their lives the compassionate concern and support mandated by Jewish Tradition,
Therefore be it resolved that we, the Rabbinical Assembly, while affirming our tradition's prescription for heterosexuality,
Support full civil equality for gays and lesbians in our national life, and
Deplore the violence against gays and lesbians in our society, and
Reiterate that, as are all Jews, gay men and lesbians are welcome as members in our congregations, and
Call upon our synagogues and the arms of our movement to increase our awareness, understanding and concern for our fellow Jews who are gay and lesbian [sic]. 3
The Central Conference of American Rabbis (CCAR) includes about 1,800 members who serve over 1.5 million Reform Jews. They have gradually taken a increasingly inclusive approach to homosexuality. The Conference is the largest group of rabbis in America. On 2000-MAR-29, they overwhelmingly approved a "Resolution On Same Gender Officiation" giving rabbis the option of presiding at gay and lesbian commitment ceremonies if they wish.*
The Union of American Hebrew Congregations (UAHC) is a somewhat smaller group within Reform Judaism. The UAHC represents 860 synagogues across the US. They has stated that "In accordance with the teaching of Reform Judaism that all human beings are created 'Betselem elohim' (in the divine image), Reform Judaism has strongly condemned discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation". They have "been in the vanguard of the support for the full recognition of equality for lesbians and gays in society." In 1993, they noted that "committed lesbian and gay couples are denied the benefits routinely accorded to married heterosexual couples"; they resolved that full legal equality for lesbians and gays requires legal recognition of their relationships.*
Reform Judaism
Central Conference of American Rabbis (CCAR):
Within the Reform movement, by far the largest association is the Central Conference of American Rabbis (CCAR). It is the largest group of rabbis in America. They have about 1,800 male and female members. These are rabbis serving at least 1.5 million Reform Jews.
The Conference has gradually taken a increasingly inclusive approach to homosexual matters:**
1977: The CCAR passed a brief resolution which was unusually liberal for the time: "WHEREAS, the Central Conference of American Rabbis has consistently supported civil rights and civil liberties for all people, especially for those from whom these rights and liberties have been withheld, and
WHEREAS, homosexuals have in our society long endured discrimination,
BE IT THEREFORE RESOLVED, that we encourage legislation which decriminalizes homosexual acts between consenting adults, and prohibits discrimination against them as persons, and
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that our Reform Jewish religious organizations undertake programs in cooperation with the total Jewish community to implement the above stand." 1
1996-MAR: They passed a resolution stating: "BE IT RESOLVED, that the Central Conference of American Rabbis support the right of gay and lesbian couples to share fully and equally in the rights of civil marriage, and
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the CCAR oppose governmental efforts to ban gay and lesbian marriage.
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that this is a matter of civil law, and is separate from the question of rabbinic officiation at such marriages." 3
Many Reform rabbis will perform b'rit ahavah (commitment of love) ceremonies for gays and lesbians.*
1998-JUN: The "Ad Hoc committee on Human Sexuality" issued their report. It is well worth reading for persons of all religious affiliations -- and none -- because it delves into all aspects of human sexuality from a spiritual perspective. Some points raised were: "Sexuality and sexual expression are integral and powerful elements in the potential wholeness of human beings."
"Authentic and ethical human relationships should be grounded in both truth and honesty."
"Both partners in an intimate relationship should strive to communicate lovingly."
"Reform Judaism encourages adults of all ages and physical and mental capabilities to develop expressions of their sexuality that are both responsible and joyful. The abuse of human sexuality can be destructive to our emotional, spiritual and physical health."
"The importance of family, whether biologically or relationally based, remains the foundation of meaningful human existence."
"For sexual expression in human relationships to reach the fullness of its potential, it should be grounded in fidelity and the intention of permanence....A sexual relationship is covenantal when it is stable and enduring and includes mutual esteem, trust, and faithfulness."
"In a Reform Jewish context, a relationship may attain a measure of kedusha (holiness) when both partners voluntarily set themselves apart exclusively for each other, thereby finding unique emotional, sexual and spiritual intimacy."
"...kiddushah (holiness) may be present in committed, same gender relationships between two Jews, and that these relationships can serve as the foundation of stable Jewish families, thus adding strength to the Jewish community. In this spirit, we believe that the relationship of a Jewish, same-gender couple is worthy of affirmation through appropriate Jewish ritual, and that each rabbi should decide about officiation according to his/her own informed rabbinic conscience." 3
2000-MAR: The CCAR overwhelmingly approved a resolution giving rabbis the option of presiding at gay and lesbian commitment ceremonies.*The resolution stated, in part: "WHEREAS justice and human dignity are cherished Jewish values, and
WHEREAS, in March of 1999 the Womens Rabbinic Network passed a resolution urging the Central Conference of American Rabbis to bring the issue of honoring ceremonies between two Jews of the same gender to the floor of the convention plenum, and
WHEREAS, the institutions of Reform Judaism have a long history of support for civil and equal rights for gays and lesbians, and
WHEREAS, North American organizations of the Reform Movement have passed resolutions in support of civil marriage for gays and lesbians, therefore
WE DO HEREBY RESOLVE, that the relationship of a Jewish, same gender couple is worthy of affirmation through appropriate Jewish ritual, and
FURTHER RESOLVED, that we recognize the diversity of opinions within our ranks on this issue. We support the decision of those who choose to officiate at rituals of union for same-gender couples, and we support the decision of those who do not, and
FURTHER RESOLVED, that we call upon the CCAR to support all colleagues in their choices in this matter, and
FURTHER RESOLVED, that we also call upon the CCAR to develop both educational and liturgical resources in this area." 4
Some individuals commented on this decision: Rabbi Shira Stern heads the Women's Rabbinic Network. She said: "This is not a woman's issue, or a gay or lesbian issue. This is a human rights issue...For Jews who have no choice in the matter of sexual identity, we as leaders of the movement must provide them with the religious framework in which to celebrate their union."
Rabbi Charles Kroloff, president of CCAR's said that: "gay and lesbian Jews, and the committed relationships they form with their partners, deserve the recognition and respect due to people created in the image of God."
Rabbi Paul Menitoff, executive vice president of CCAR, said: "It is not sinful to be a gay and lesbian...It is sinful to have these [homophobic] prejudices and act out on them."
Maranatha Christian News Service, a conservative Christian group, commented that "Both Kroloff and Menitoff stressed the same-sex ceremonies weren't civil marriages recognized by law, but Kroloff said that some rabbis who have already been performing the ceremonies call them marriages. The Torah condemns male homosexual intercourse, but a decade ago Reform Judaism approved openly gay rabbis. Reform Judaism's rabbinate bases its position on contemporary understanding of homosexuality and the Jewish values of human dignity and justice."*
The Union of American Hebrew Congregations (UAHC):
1993: The Union of American Hebrew Congregations observed that "committed lesbian and gay couples are denied the benefits routinely accorded to married heterosexual couples." They resolved that full equality under the law for lesbian and gay people requires legal recognition of lesbian and gay relationships.