Laura said:
What was the average lifespan of Neanderthals? How healthy were they?
. . .
We aren't Neanderthals any more...
Well, the general theory is that we never were Neanderthals.
**** sapiens sapiens and
**** neanderthalis both descended from
**** sapiens though they are not the same - although there is a theory that
**** sapiens and
**** neaderthalis may have interbred (and that Europeans and those of European descent therefore are
**** sapien/neaderthalis hybrids rather than
**** sapiens sapiens).
And modern hunter-gatherer societies (who pretty much live as the entire human population would have before the agricultural revoltion) are generally very healthy - especially compared to many Westerners. Physically, they are much fitter than the average. There are probably references online somewhere. I've only looked over them briefly.
Then there is the argument of what we are designed to eat. Be wary of some of these - I have found two comparison lists of our digestive system online. One concludes that we are meant to be pure carnivores, the other that we are meant to be pure vegans (leaning towards raw food and lots of greens). Obviously, both cannot be correct - and, unfortunately, the vast majority of these websites (vegan or not) have an agenda.
Beyond that, there are theories relating to how/why dogs were the first domesticated animals, our physical structure (hands with opposing thumbs; binocular vision, bipedal) and the relative size of our brains to our bodies in comparison to carnivores and herbivores.
However, either way, biologically we have only evolved approximately 0.02% in the last 10,000 years (ie, since the agricultural evolution).
[See - I told you I had been researching the issue!

]
However, the important thing is to do what is right for you (general 'you'). You can find arguments both for and against
everything, and sometimes science seems to cause more problems than it solves. But, whatever - you have to do what you feel comfortable with, whether that means being a raw foodist, vegan, beegan, dietary vegan, lacto-ovo-vegetarian, lacto-vegetarian, ovo-vegetarian, pescetarian, SAD (standard American diet) eater, pure carnivore, paleo-eating, etc.
And realise that with something that is such a cultural thing, there will always be people who disagree/do not accept your opinion/WOE. But, with any luck, the OP can let her mother know how tiring it is, and her mother will at least back off.
ETA: Well, I see that a certain word is getting blocked by the filter - but I'm sure you all know what it is (and what context it is being used in).