Well, we can check it by reversing the sense of the answer. Start with what you THINK that he had at the beginning, and work backward to the $16 that we know he ended up with:
"Benjamin went into the store and spent $16 more then half the money he had in his pocket. This left him with $16. How much money did he have in his pocket before he went into the store?"
So, if he had $48 when he started and he spent $16 more than half of that, he would have spent: $40 (48 / 2 = 24. 24 + 16 = 40)
$48 - $40 is NOT equal to $16.
However, half of $64 is $32. Add $16 to $32 and you get a total EXPENDITURE of $48. (64 / 2 = 32. 32 + 16 = 48)
$64 - $48 = $16
If you answer $48 your calculations are valid, but you're giving a differerent answer than the one that is asked for. $48 is what he spent, not what he started out with in his pocket. This is why word problems bother a lot of people who otherwise are good at math; it seems that very often the answer that would seem to be the most logical thing to solve for in an algebraic sense is not the part of the solution that the problem is asking for. (Lucky me, I never could make sense of algebraic logic; I never could figure out what I was supposed to be looking for if the problem was just a bunch of numbers. Give me a story to go with it, though, and the answer always falls into place for me.)