The boat you will be using to get to the Magic Kingdom will make stops at the Contemporary Resort and the Fort Wilderness Campground.
Just to clarify, there are two separate boat routes that service the WL. One is the large boats that make the WL-MK-FT Wilderness loop. The other is the small resort launch that makes the WL-CR-Ft Wilderness loop. There are no boats that stop at both the MK and the CR.
As for non-park food options from the WL, you obviously have the restaurants at the Lodge (Wispering Canyon is fun and has decent food), you can head over to Ft. Wilderness and eat at Trails End (I've heard ok things but have never been), or you can make your way over to the resorts on the Seven Seas Lagoon. We've done this a few times and it's fun. You can catch the resort launch to the CR. There you have California Grill, Chef Mickey's, Concourse Steakhouse, or the Food and Fun Center for quick eats. From the CR you can hop the monorail to get to the Poly (Kona, Ohana's or Captain Cook's) or the GF (1900 Park Fare, GF Cafe, Citrico's, or Narcoossees). Another option for getting the the other MK resorts to dine is to take the large MK launch from the WL to the MK, and from there hop the monorail. This works particularly well if you have a strollers that have, or eventually will have, sleeping children in them as you'd have to fold strollers on the small resort launch. Just for a frame of reference, if you wanted to get to the GF from the WL taking the boats and the monorails you would need to give yourself an hour. You aren't going far and the modes of transportation are fun, but you still have to wait for a boat or monorail, and they have to make their way from point a to point b on a fixed route.
As for our recommendations out of all those monorail options, 1900 Park Fare has a great buffet (both breakfast and dinner). Kona is good. Plan a dinner at the GF on a night when there are MK fireworks, finish up dinner before they start, and catch a great view of the show from the GF docks. Better yet, eat at Narcossees (a tad expensive) and you might be able to watch from your table.