I am an attorney (not in Texas) and I also hold a Texas Insurance Adjuster's license. I don't have definitive answers for you, but I do have a few suggestions.
you're dealing directly with Kroger's, right? they're self insured, you're not dealing with an insurance company?
the man who was rude to you is probably in their risk management office. you need to follow up with his supervisor and/or with their corporate offices -- regardless of Kroger policy concerning these claims, his behavior was unprofessional and you should not have been treated this way.
you have two options at this juncture. by far the easier option is to file a claim with your own insurance.if your insurer thinks the accident was Kroger's fault, they'll bring a claim against Kroger's to recover their payment and your deductible, which they will probably settle for $50 on the dollar. if they purue the claim, ask them to collect your deductible as well.
your other option is to file an action for your damages in small claims court. do that, and you're suddenly dealing with a person in the legal department instead of Mr. Rude in risk management. you have a better shot of settling the claim with legal, especially if you know what to argue.
now I will spin it for you as a plaintiff's attorney, use what you want form the following to try to make your case:
it' si Kroger's responsibility to maintain its parking lot in a reasonably safe condition, and that includes controlling the shopping carts it provides for customers' use. it's Kroger's obligation to keep its shopping carts from entering the public thoroughfares. although we don't know what actually caused the shopping cart to leave Kroger's premises, but such accidents generally do not happen without some negligence on the part of the owner of the shopping cart.
the manager's statements at the time of the accident are both an admission of liaibilty on the part of Kroger's and a promise to pay damages. a corporation acts through its employees, and the store manager had the authority to make binding promises on the part of Kroger's.
the weather conditions were not the cause of the accident. a severe storm with significant winds might cause a shoppong cart to be propelled out of the parking lot, but on the night in question there was only a light rain and no significant winds.
assuming Kroger's posted a sign near the shopping card corral purporting to absolve itself of liability involving its shoping carts, even if such disclaimer were otherwise effective it would not be binding on your daughter, who was not on Kroger property at the time of the accident and did not implicitly consent to this limitation of liability by voluntarily using the Kroger parking lot or its shopping carts.
good luck in getting this resolved.