I don't think any of my college professors took formal attendance, however, attendance was considered in my grades.
I took an Anthropology class and my final grade came out lower than what I was expecting based on my test/quiz/paper grades. I went to talk to him about it. He told me that he marked me down because I never came to class. I attended *every* class. I am not sure if he had me confused with someone else, or if I'm just that forgettable, but he wouldn't believe that I'd been there -- even when I showed him my notebook with dated notes.

I *wish* he'd taken formal attendance if he was going to use it for grading purposes.
In the classes for my major, there usually weren't many students (10-15 per class) and there was stuff due every class, so if you missed, it was noticed.
On the other hand, I taught night school computer classes for a few semesters and I *did* take attendance. The school policy was that if you missed more than 3 classes, you'd fail. My personal feeling was that if you could miss class and still learn the material, then I didn't care. However, I once had a student who missed almost every class and had gotten a D or lower on every test. He came up to me on the last day of class and said "I need a C in this class to keep my scholarship. You've got to help me." Um, sorry... If he'd been to class and still scored low on the tests, I would have worked with him. If he'd missed every class and done well on the tests, I wouldn't have penalized him for missing... but he didn't even give me an "excuse" as to why he missed all the classes -- it was just "I need a C."