I agree with Psy's post on the times. When I went through Barcelona, you had two security lines plus a check in line. First you have to check in with your airlines and drop your bag (this depends on your airline, seat category etc) but expect maybe 20 minutes? It varies so much by airlines. We did this portion in under 10 minutes. Next you have security, which is like Psy said, 20-30 minutes. And the "surprise" for many people is a second security like customs check before you get to your gate but after you have entered a main terminal area. This again took 30 minutes and that line can get LONG.
As a reminder,
DCL does not promise getting into your port at a specific time. It often is on time and you can debark quickly and make it to the port. You can also be late or customs for the port can take a while to clear the ship and allow people to exit (this has happened to me).
You can obviously expedited your exit from the Magic by carrying off your own luggage and walk off as early as they allow. Getting a Taxi can take a few minutes if it's busy in port ( I waited almost 30 minutes once for a taxi in Lisbon) so you can also consider booking a car service ahead of time that will be waiting for you. Also don't forget depending on what day you are docking in Barcelona, you may have additional regular traffic (a Tuesday say vs a Saturday). I would personally be more comfortable with a 1:40 departure time, but that would also depend on how much time that leaves you go to through customs at your first US airport. That time can vary widely, but I always give myself 2 hours between flights for that process. That way if my flight inbound is a little late, or the lines are long, or I have to change terminals miles apart, I have the time to do it. Remember your next flights departure time is not it's boarding time. If your flight leaves at say 2:00pm, you probably begin boarding at 1:20 or 1:30pm and the doors close by 1:40pm.