It depends on where you live how transparent tax collection is and where it goes but speaking towards what homeowners pay and what they are paying for:
For my property taxes the state requires every January 1st the property be re-evaluated at fair market value. And then we get a pie chart that shows us the places the property tax goes
View attachment 965308
Specific to my house
Blue is the school district,
Red is the city
Orange is the county
Green is the county community college
Purple is the parks and rec department for my county
Light blue (the smallest) goes to the state itself
In the past the blue has been as high as 56% going towards the school district my house is located in.