Fast-forwarding past the gun vs. anti-gun arguments, keeping a gun in your home safe from the wrong hands, yet ready if you need it is probably one of the most difficult issues for any gun-owner to come to grips with. There is no single solution that applies to all households.
If you have a lot of traffic in your house, both in family members and friends/children's friends, then the obvious answer is to keep all guns safely locked away all the time with maybe one loaded and kept in a quick-access safe that only you can open. Still, kids can be pretty resourceful when they want to be so some form of gun education and disciplne can be good. Make sure they know they are not toys and not to be touched without your supervision. Even so, there have been more than a few accounts of teenagers saving their parents' lives during a home invasion by retrieving a gun. It's a gamble and only the parent/homeowner/gun owner can place that bet.
On the other hand, there are people who, like me, have very little traffic. It's just me, my wife (who is quite handy with a gun) and two cats. We rarely have children in the house. We also rarely have anyone in the house I wouldn't be comfortable having a loaded gun in the nightstand around. When there are kids or people I'm not sure about, the gun goes in the safe with the rest of them. Now, I don't live in a high-risk area so why do I keep a loaded gun handy? Too often you don't know the risk until it's staring you in the face and then you don't want your gun locked away, or unloaded, or both.
Basically, it comes down to common sense in assessing your household situation and your level of risk and then coming up with a solution that keeps family and friends safe from your gun while also being able to keep those same people safe from the bad guys. That's rarely an easy thing to do.